Os corpos etéreos dos blogs pró-ana: comunidades emocionais e espaços de sociabilidade na web / The ethereal bodies of pro-Ana blogs: emotional communities and spaces of sociability on the web

Resumo O presente artigo procurou compreender como jovens anoréxicas utilizam ambientes virtuais como espaços de sociabilidade para a construção de uma narrativa sobre a anorexia, para ancorar suas experiências pela mutualidade emocional e para validar discursos. Realizou-se análise de conteúdo da sessão de comentários e posts de blogs pró-anorexia sendo identificadas três categorias temáticas: corpo, identidade pessoal e sociabilidade na rede. Observou-se que os blogs são espaços virtuais de sociabilidade e de construção de coletivos identitários. As representações e as vivências pela materialidade corporal alimentam o cyber espaço e são o ponto de partida para compreensão de um fenômeno particular à contemporaneidade, que são as trocas virtuais. Nos blogs localizam-se narrativas corporais que procuram dar coerência ao indivíduo e à sua existência bem como ancorar e legitimar experiências pessoais e validar atitudes pró-anorexia. São reforçados os laços sociais dentro do grupo que se transforma em uma comunidade emocional. Os sentidos dos discursos circulantes permitem inferir que nestes grupos, a materialidade dos corpos anoréxicos se emancipa dos estigmas sociais de doença.

Abstract The study presented in this paper aimed at understanding how anorexic young women use virtual environments as spaces of sociability in order to construct a narrative about anorexia, anchor their experiences through emotional mutuality and validate discourses. To do so, an analysis of the content found in the commenting and posting sections of pro-anorexia blogs was carried out. Three thematic categories were identified: body, personal identity and sociability on the web. It was observed that blogs are virtual spaces of sociability and construction of identity groups. The representations and the experiences lived by the corporal materiality feed cyberspace and are the starting point for understanding a phenomenon particular to the contemporaneity, that is the virtual exchanges. In blogs, one can find body narratives that seek to give coherence to an individual and to his or her existence as well as narratives that aim at anchoring and legitimizing personal experiences and validating pro-anorexia attitudes. Social ties are strengthened within the group, which becomes an emotional community. The meanings of the spreading discourses allow us to infer that in these groups, the materiality of anorexic bodies emancipates itself from the social stigmas of a disease.

Éter de petróleo como clarificador na técnica de coloração de Papanicolaou: uma alternativa menos tóxica / Petroleum ether as a clarifier in the Papanicolaou staining technique: a less toxic alternative

Objetivo: comparar a qualidade da coloração de Papanicolaou em amostras cervicovaginais após clarificação com éter de petróleo e xilol. Métodos: Estatística descritiva por frequência simples comparada entre xilol e éter. Associação pelo Qui-quadrado e Kappa de 102 amostras. A clarificação pelo xilol de material da junção escamocolunar e éter de petróleo de fundo de saco vaginal. Resultados: o Qui-quadrado demonstrou diferença significativa (p<0,001) entre as amostras na fixação, coloração do citoplasma e núcleo e de polimorfo­nucleares. O Kappa encontrou-se discordante entre variáveis de fixação, qualidade do citoplasma e núcleo, polimorfonucleares e microbiota vaginal. A fixação do material teve frequência ruim em 50% das amostras clarificadas pelo xilol e 36% pelo éter de petróleo, refletindo na avaliação estatística. A fixação influencia na qualidade da coloração e sensibilidade da leitura citológica. Foi demonstrado ótimo desempenho da clarificação do éter de petróleo na frequência 30% de fixação, ótima visualização do citoplasma e núcleo celular e dos polimorfonucleares. Conclusão: O éter de petróleo atuou eficientemente como clarificador no Papanicolaou, permitindo visualização de estruturas celulares, podendo ser substituto do xilol, com mais segurança devido à baixa toxicidade e risco ao operador que o utiliza.

Objective: to compare the quality of Papanicolaou staining in cervicovaginal samples after clarification with petroleum ether and xylol. Methods: Simple frequency descriptive statistics compared between xylol and ether. Association by Chi-square and Kappa of 102 samples. Clarification by xylol of material from the squamocolumnar junction and petroleum ether from the vaginal sac fundus. Results: Chi-square showed a significant difference (p <0.001) between the samples at fixation, cytoplasmic and nucleus staining and polymorphonuclear staining. Kappa was found to be discordant between variables of fixation, cytoplasmic and nucleus quality, polymorphonuclear and vaginal microbiota. The fixation of the material had a bad frequency in 50% of the samples clarified by xylol and 36% by the petroleum ether, reflected in the statistical evaluation. The fixation influences the color quality and sensitivity of the cytological reading. It was demonstrated the excellent performance of the clarification of petroleum ether in the frequency 30% of fixation, excellent visualization of the cytoplasm and cell nucleus and polymorphonuclears. Conclusion: Petroleum ether efficiently acted as a clarifier in the Papanicolaou, allowing the visualization of cellular structures, which can be substituted for xylol, more safely due to the low toxicity and risk to the operator who uses it

Quantitative proteomics of inhibitory mechanism of Dendrobium denneanum ether extract on lung cancer cells / 中国中药杂志

Dendrobium denneanum have been used for a long time as rare medicinal herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. Our previous works found that ether extract of D. denneanum had higher anticancer activities than alcohol or water extract,thus with better development prospects. Quantitative proteomics based on SILAC technique was used to investigate the anticancer mechanism of D. denneanum on lung tumor cell line A549,and 4 855 proteins were detected in A549 cells. Quantitative proteomics experiments found that 193 proteins of A549 cells were up-regulated,and 44 proteins were down-regulated by ether extract of D. denneanum. Those proteins are associated with synthesis,transport and metabolism of biological macromolecules,chaperone,DNA repair,oxidoreductase,cell adhesion,cell cycle,apoptosis and autophagy. Through the function analysis of differentially expressed proteins,it was inferred that ether extract of D. denneanum caused cell protein metabolism disorder,endoplasmic reticulum stress response,abnormal self-repair mechanism of cells,damage of cell adhesion and proliferation; besides,it caused a dramatic increase in ROS level in A549 cells,and upset the balance of intracellular oxidation reduction system. Affected by the above factors,lung cancer cells initiated apoptosis and autophagy,which accelerated cell death. This research explains the anticancer mechanism of D. denneanum from the perspective of quantitative proteomics,and lays a foundation for future research and development of new anticancer drugs based on ether extract of D. denneanum.

Taraxastane-type triterpenoids from the medicinal and edible plant Cirsium setosum / 中国天然药物

Guided by TNF-α secretion inhibitory activity assay, four taraxastane-type triterpenoids, including two new ones, 22-oxo-20-taraxasten-3β, 30-diol (1) and 22α-hydroxy-20-taraxasten-30β, 30-triol (2), have been obtained from an active fraction of the petroleum ether-soluble extract of the the medicinal and edible plant Cirsium setosum. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data and CD data analysis. In the TNF-α secretion inhibitory activity assay, compounds 1 and 2 were active with the IC of 2.6 and 3.8 μmol·L, respectively. In addition, compounds 1 and 2 showed moderately selective cytotoxicity against the human ovarian cancer (A2780) and colon cancer (HCT-8) cell lines.

Correlation of spontaneous adipocyte generation with osteogenic differentiation of porcine skin-derived stem cells

The objective of this study was to examine effects of spontaneous adipocyte generation on osteogenic differentiation of porcine skin-derived stem cells (pSSCs). Correlation between osteogenic differentiation and adipocyte differentiation induced by osteocyte induction culture was determined using different cell lines. Osteogenic differentiation efficiency of pSSCs was then analyzed by controlling the expression of adipocyte-specific transcription factors during osteogenic induction culture. Among four cell lines, pSSCs-II had the lowest lipid droplet level but the highest calcium content (p < 0.05). It also expressed significantly low levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARγ2) and adipocyte protein 2 (aP2) mRNAs but very high levels of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) mRNAs as osteogenic makers (p < 0.05). Oil red O extraction was increased by 0.1 µM troglitazone (TGZ) treatment but decreased by 50 µM bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) (p < 0.05). Calcium content was drastically increased after BADGE treatment compared to that in osteogenic induction control and TGZ-treated pSSCs (p < 0.05). Relative expression levels of PPARγ2 and aP2 mRNAs were increased by TGZ but decreased by BADGE. Expression levels of Rucx2 and ALP mRNAs, osteoblast-specific marker genes, were significantly increased by BADGE treatment (p < 0.05). The expression level of BCL2 like 1 was significantly higher in BADGE-treated pSSCs than that in TGZ-treated ones (p < 0.05). The results demonstrate that spontaneous adipocyte generation does not adversely affect osteogenic differentiation. However, reducing spontaneous adipocyte generation by inhibiting PPARγ2 mRNA expression can enhance in vitro osteogenic differentiation of pSSCs.

Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Constituents from the Fruits of Amomum tsao-ko

Bioactivity-guided fractionation of MeOH extract of the dried fruits of Amomum tsao-ko led to isolation of nine compounds (1 – 9). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D and 2D-NMR, as alpinetin (1), naringenin-5-O-methyl ether (2), naringenin (3), hesperetin (4), 2′,4′,6′-trihydroxy-4-methoxy chalcone (5), tsaokoin (6), boesenbergin B (7), 4-hydroxyboesenbergin B (8), and tsaokoarylone (9). Of these, compound 8 was isolated from a natural source for the first time, which was previously reported as a synthetic product. The isolated compounds (1 – 9) were tested for their inhibitory effects on LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Among them, three chalcone derivatives (compounds 5, 7, and 8) and a diarylheptanoid (compound 9) exhibited significant inhibitory activity on the NO production with IC₅₀ values ranging from 10.9 to 22.5 µM.

Environmental Endocrine Disruptors and Neurological Disorders

We live in a world where daily exposure to environmental chemicals is inevitable. Many studies point to environmental chemicals a major cause of neurological diseases. Properly intervening in and managing the exposure requires up-to-date information about neurotoxic chemicals that may lead to neurological disorders. The recent literature on the neurotoxic effects of environmental chemicals was reviewed, including both animal and human studies. Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and autism are closely associated with environmental chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenys (PCBs), dioxins, polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDE), and perfluoroalkyls. There is strong evidence linking environmental chemical exposure to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, it is important to pay close attention to a high risk-age group where the window of exposure is critical to causing neurological disease.

Prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasitic infections among asymptomatic food handlers working at Haramaya University cafeterias, eastern Ethiopia

BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasitic infections are major public health problems worldwide, with high prevalence in low income countries where substandard food hygiene practices are common. Asymptomatic food handlers with poor personal hygiene could be potential sources of parasitic infections. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among asymptomatic food handlers working at Haramaya University cafeterias, eastern Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among asymptomatic food handlers working at Haramaya University cafeterias from August 2015 to January 2016. Population proportion to size allocation and systematic random sampling techniques were used to identify the study participants. Stool samples were collected and examined simultaneouly using direct and modified formol ether concentration wet smear techniques. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 software. Logistic regressions were applied to assess association between independent variable and intestinal parasitic infections. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value less than 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 417 asymptomatic food handlers were enrolled in this study. Of these, females comprised 79.4%. Large proportion (39.3%) of food handlers were in the age group of 31–40 years. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was 25.2% (95% CI: 18.3, 29.6). Entamoeba histolytica/ dispar (46.7%) and A. lumbricoides (14.3%) were the most frequent isolates. Having no formal education [AOR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.24, 3.67], monthly income of less than 45.7 USD [AOR: 3.86, 95% CI: 1.62, 9.20], lack of hand washing after the use of the toilet with soap [AOR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.22, 4.86] and untrimmed fingernails [AOR: 3.31, 95% CI: 1.99, 5.49] have significant association with intestinal parasitic infections. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in this study highlights the importance of food handlers as probable sources of parasitic infections. Public health measures and sanitation programs should be strengthened to control the spread of intestinal parasitic infections.

Structural and functional roles of ether lipids

Ether lipids, such as plasmalogens, are peroxisome-derived glycerophospholipids in which the hydrocarbon chain at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone is attached by an ether bond, as opposed to an ester bond in the more common diacyl phospholipids. This seemingly simple biochemical change has profound structural and functional implications. Notably, the tendency of ether lipids to form non-lamellar inverted hexagonal structures in model membranes suggests that they have a role in facilitating membrane fusion processes. Ether lipids are also important for the organization and stability of lipid raft microdomains, cholesterol-rich membrane regions involved in cellular signaling. In addition to their structural roles, a subset of ether lipids are thought to function as endogenous antioxidants, and emerging studies suggest that they are involved in cell differentiation and signaling pathways. Here, we review the biology of ether lipids and their potential significance in human disorders, including neurological diseases, cancer, and metabolic disorders.

Evaluation of methods for the quantification of ether extract contents in forage and cattle feces

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare the estimates of ether extract (EE) contents obtained by the Randall method and by the high-temperature method of the American Oil Chemist's Society (AOCS; Am 5-04) in forages (n = 20) and cattle feces (n = 15). The EE contents were quantified by using the Randall extraction or AOCS method and XT4 filter bags or cartridges made of qualitative filter paper (80 g/m²) as containers for the samples. It was also evaluated the loss of particles, and concentration of residual chlorophyll after extraction and the recovery of protein and minerals in the material subjected to extraction. Significant interaction was observed between extraction method and material for EE contents. The EE estimates using the AOCS method were higher, mainly in forages. No loss of particles was observed with different containers. The chlorophyll contents in the residues of cattle feces were not affected by the extraction method; however, residual chlorophyll was lower using the AOCS method in forages. There was complete recovery of the protein and ash after extraction. The results suggest that AOCS method produces higher estimates of EE contents in forages and cattle feces, possibly by providing greater extraction of non-fatty EE.

Effects of Red or Black Ginseng Extract in a Rat Model of Inflammatory Temporomandibular Joint Pain / 치위생과학회지

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain is characterized by persistent jaw pain associated with dysfunction and tenderness of the temporomandibular muscles and joints. The aim of this study was to investigate whether treatment with red or black ginseng extract helps in the modulation of inflammatory TMJ pain. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220~260 g were used. The experimental group was subdivided into 4 groups based on the treatment method (n=6, each group): formalin (5%, 30 µl), formalin after distilled water (vehicle), formalin after red or black ginseng extract (per oral, single or repeated, respectively). To induce TMJ pain, 30 µl of formalin was injected into the articular cavity under ether inhalation anesthesia. The number of noxious behavioral responses of scratching the facial region proximal to the injection site was recorded for 9 successive 5-min intervals following formalin injection. Repeated treatment with red or black ginseng extract reduced the nociceptive responses in the second phase (11~45 min). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an oxidative stress-mediated transcription factor. Both ginsengs significantly down-regulated the increased Nrf2 level compared to the vehicle group. In the test for liver and kidney functions, repeated treatment with red or black ginseng was not different compared to the vehicle group. These results indicate that red and black ginseng extract might be promising analgesic agents in the treatment of inflammatory TMJ pain.

Reticulocytosis in screen-printing workers exposed to 2-butoxyethanol and 2-ethoxyethanol

BACKGROUND: Studies on the hematologic toxicity of ethylene glycol ethers in humans are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the association between exposure to solvents (containing 2-butoxyethanol and 2-ethoxyethanol) and hematological effects. METHODS: Thirty-four screen-printing workers who were exposed to 2-butoxyethanol and 2-ethoxyethanol and 37 non-exposed clerical workers were selected using data from the health care facilities that provided regular health screening services. Student's t-tests and Pearson's chi-square tests were used to compare differences in hematological parameters between the exposed and the control groups. A multivariate analysis was performed using the multiple logistic regression models to adjust for other variables. RESULTS: The chi-square test showed the reticulocyte percentages and corrected reticulocyte counts to be significantly higher in the exposed group. The t-tests showed a significant increase in white blood cell counts, reticulocyte percentages, and corrected reticulocyte count (i.e., reticulocyte index) in the exposed group, with p-values of 0.002, 0.004, and 0.002, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed the odds ratio for the corrected reticulocyte counts to be 16.30 for the exposed group, when compared with that of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to 2-butoxyethanol and 2-ethoxyethanol was significantly associated with reticulocytosis, necessitating the implementation of preventive measures for workers prone to occupational exposure to ethylene glycol ethers.

Development and validation of analytical method for the determination of radotinib in human plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

This study describes the development of an analytical method to determine radotinib levels in human plasma using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for pharmacokinetic application. Plasma samples were sequentially processed by liquid-liquid extraction using methyl tert-butyl ether, evaporation, and reconstitution. Analytes were separated and analyzed using HPLC-MS/MS in selected reaction monitoring mode, monitoring the specific transitions of m/z 531 to 290 for radotinib and m/z 409 to 238 for amlodipine (internal standard). The HPLC-MS/MS analytical method was validated with respect to selectivity, linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision, recovery, and stability. Calibration curves were linear over a concentration range 5–3,000 ng/mL with correlation coefficients (r) > 0.998. The lower limit of quantification for radotinib in plasma was 5 ng/mL. The accuracy and precision of the analytical method were acceptable within 15% at all quality control levels. This method was suitable to determine radotinib levels in human plasma because of its simplicity, selectivity, precision, and accuracy.

Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether combined with He-Ne laser irradiation-induced apoptosis in canine breast cancer cells through the mitochondrial pathway

Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) combined with He-Ne laser irradiation is a novel and promising photodynamic therapy (PDT)-induced apoptosis that can be applied in vitro on canine breast cancer cells. However, the exact pathway responsible for HMME-PDT in canine breast cancer cells remains unknown. CHMm cells morphology and apoptosis were analyzed using optical microscope, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling fluorescein staining and DNA ladder assays. Apoptotic pathway was further confirmed by Real-time-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting assays. Our results showed that HMME-PDT induced significant changes in cell morphology, such as formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles and the gradual rounding of cells coupled with decreased size and detachment. DNA fragmentation and cell death was shown to occur in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, HMME-PDT increased the activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and released cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm. HMME-PDT also significantly increased both mRNA and protein levels of Bax and decreased P53 gene expression in a time-dependent manner, while the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 were repressed. These alterations suggest that HMME-PDT induced CHMm cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and had anti-canine breast cancer effects in vitro.

Efficacy and Safety of Sodium Hyaluronate with 1,4-Butanediol Diglycidyl Ether Compared to Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose in Preventing Adhesion Formation after Lumbar Discectomy

OBJECTIVE: Epidural injection of hyaluronic acid may prevent adhesion formation after spine surgery, but the compounds used to stabilize hyaluronidase could interfere with its anti-adhesion effects. The present study was conducted as a clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an experimental medical gel in preventing adhesion formation. METHODS: This study was designed as a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, and comparative controlled clinical trial with an observation period of 6 weeks. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups: group A with sodium hyaluronate + 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) and group B with sodium hyaluronate + sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Visual analogue scale (VAS) of back and leg pain and the Oswestry disability index (ODI) and scar score ratings were assessed after surgery. RESULTS: Mean scar grade was 2.37+/-1.13 in group A and 2.75+/-0.97 in group B, a statistically significant difference (p=0.012). VAS of back and leg pain and ODI scores decreased significantly from baseline to 3 and 6 weeks postoperatively in both groups (p0.3). The number of adverse reactions related to the anti-adhesion gels was not statistically different (p=0.569), but subsequent analysis of nervous adverse reactions showed group B was superior with a statistically difference (p=0.027). CONCLUSION: Sodium hyaluronate with BDDE demonstrated similar anti-adhesion properties to sodium hyaluronate with CMC. But, care should be used to nervous adverse reactions by using sodium hyaluronate with BDDE.

Preliminary Experiences of the Combined Midline-Splitting French Door Laminoplasty with Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) Plate for Cervical Spondylosis and OPLL

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cervical midline-splitting French-door laminoplasty with a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) plate. The authors retrospectively analyzed the results of patients with cervical laminoplasty miniplate (MAXPACER(R)) without bone grafts in multilevel cervical stenosis. METHODS: Fifteen patients (13 males and 2 females, mean age 50.0 years (range 35-72)) with multilevel cervical stenosis (ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and cervical spondylotic myelopathy) underwent a combined surgery of midline-splitting French-door laminoplasty with or without mini plate. All 15 patients were followed for at least 12 months (mean follow-up 13.3 months) after surgery, and a retrospective review of the clinical, radiological and surgical data was conducted. RESULTS: The radiographic results showed a significant increase over the postoperative period in anterior-posterior diameter (9.4+/-2.2 cm to 16.2+/-1.1 cm), open angles in cervical lamina (46.5+/-16.0degrees to 77.2+/-13.1degrees), and sectional volume of cervical central canal (100.5+/-0.7 cm2 to 146.5+/-4.9 cm2) (p<0.001). The sagittal alignment of the cervical spine was well preserved (31.7+/-10.0degrees to 31.2+/-7.6degrees, p=0.877) during the follow-up period. The clinical results were successful, and there were no significant intraoperative complications except for screw displacement in two cases. The mini plate constructs did not fail during the 12 month follow-up period, and the decompression was maintained. CONCLUSION: Despite the small cohort and short follow-up duration, the present study demonstrated that combined cervical expansive laminoplasty using the mini plate is an effective treatment for multilevel cervical stenosis.

Dietary pattern classifications with nutrient intake and body composition changes in Korean elderly

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The body composition changes in aging increased the risk of metabolic disorder. Recent dietary studies have increasingly focused on the correlations between dietary patterns and chronic diseases to overcome the limitations of traditional single-nutrient studies because nutrients in food have complex relations that interact. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study was conducted to classify a dietary pattern among Korean elderly using cluster analysis and to explore the relationships between dietary patterns and body composition changes in Korean elderly aged 65 years or older. The study subjects (n = 1,435) were individuals who participated in the Korean National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) in 2011. RESULTS: There were three dietary patterns derived by cluster analysis in this study: 'Traditional Korean' (37.49% of total population), 'Meat and Alcohol' (19.65%) and 'Westernized Korean' (42.86%). The (1) 'Traditional Korean' pattern was characterized by high consumptions of white rice and low protein, low fat, and low milk products, while (2) 'Westernized Korean' pattern ate a Korean-style diet base with various foods such as noodles, bread, eggs and milk, (3) 'Meat and Alcohol' pattern had high consumptions of meat and alcohol. In body composition changes, compared with the 'Traditional Korean' pattern, the 'Meat & alcohol' pattern was associated with a 50% increased risk of having elevated BMI (kg/m2), 'Westernized Korean' pattern was associated with a 74% increased abnormality of ASM/Wt (kg) by logistics analysis. Most of the Korean adult population continues to follow ether a traditional Korean having beneficial effects for successful aging. However, the 'Traditional Korean' pattern showed low protein intake (0.7 g/kg), calcium intake, and vitamin D intake as well as low of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM (kg)) among 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the low ASM, consumption of protein, calcium and vitamin D should be increased for Korean elderly health body composition.

Development of a LC-MS/MS for Quantification of Venlafaxine in Human Plasma and Application to Bioequivalence Study in healthy Korean Subjects

A simple, rapid and selective liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is developed and validated for quantification of venlafaxine in human plasma with simple liquid-liquid extraction step consisted of extraction with ether and dichloromethane for 10 min and mixing with 1 M sodium acetate in human plasma using fluoxetine as an internal standard (IS). The analyte are separated using an isocratic mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 5 mM ammonium formate (4/3, v/v) on a isocratic YMC hydrosphere C18 (2.0x50.0 mm, 3.0 microm) column and analyzed by MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using the transitions of respective [M+H](+) ions, m/z 278.2-->260.3 and m/z 310.1-->148.1 for quantification of venlafaxine and IS, respectively. The standard calibration curves showed good linearity within the range of 1.0-200.0 ng/mL (r2=0.9986, 1/chi2 weighting). The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 1.0 ng/mL. The retention times of venlafaxine and IS were 0.6 min and 0.7 min that means the potential for the high-throughput potential of the proposed method. In addition, no significant metabolic compounds were found to interfere with the analysis. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for the concentrations over the standard curve range. The validated method was successfully applied to bioequivalence study after 75-mg of venlafaxine sustained-release (SR) capsule in 24 healthy Korean subjects.

Exploration of optimum conditions for production of saccharogenic mixed grain beverages and assessment of anti-diabetic activity / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to establish the production conditions through optimization of the production process of beverages using Aspergillus oryzae CF1001, and to analyze volatile compounds and antidiabetic activity. METHODS: The optimum condition was selected using the response surface methodology (RSM), through a regression analysis with the following independent variables gelatinization temperature (GT, X1), saccharogenic time (ST, X2), and dependent variable; DeltaE value (y). The condition with the lowest DeltaE value occurred with combined 45 min ST and 50degrees C GT. The volatile compounds were analyzed quantitatively by GC-MS. RESULTS: Assessment of antidiabetic activity of saccharogenic mixed grain beverage (SMGB) was determined by measurement of alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity, and glucose uptake activity and glucose metabolic protein expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis. Results of volatile compounds analysis, 62 kinds of volatile compounds were detected in SMGB. Palmitic acid (9.534% ratio), benzaldehyde (8.948% ratio), benzyl ethyl ether (8.792% ratio), ethyl alcohol (8.35% ratio), and 2-amyl furan (4.826% ratio) were abundant in SMGB. We confirmed that alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity, glucose uptake activity, and glucose-metabolic proteins were upregulated by SMGB treatment with concentration dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Saccharogenic mixed grain beverage (SMGB) showed potential antidiabetic activity. Further studies will be needed in order to improve the taste and functionality of SMGB.